What is Vulvar Cancer?
Vulvar cancer is a rare malignancy that affects the external female genitalia, collectively referred to as the vulva. It accounts for about 3% of all gynecological cancers and is most frequently diagnosed in women over the age of 70. However, an increasing number of women aged 35–45 are now being diagnosed as well.
The most common site of vulvar cancer is the labia majora, followed by other parts such as the labia minora and clitoris. Because the vulva has a rich supply of blood and lymphatic vessels, cancer in this region can spread to nearby organs like the vagina, bladder, and anus if not treated promptly.
The vulva comprises:
Labia majora (outer lips)
Labia minora (inner lips)
Clitoris
Symptoms of Vulvar Cancer
In its early stages, vulvar cancer may present with no symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms can include:
An unusual lump or bump on the vulva
Itching or pain in the affected area
Development of an ulcerated sore that does not heal
The sore may appear white, red, or pink and may grow over time
Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
Swelling of lymph nodes in the groin
Difficulty with bowel movements or urination, indicating spread to nearby organs
Pain in bones or other symptoms if secondary cancers (metastases) develop
Early detection and treatment are essential to avoid complications such as pain, infection, and cancer spread.
